{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:04:59Z","timestamp":1778634299716,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]],"date-time":"2013-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated effective treatments of broncholithiasis based on its radiographical and bronchoscopic features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study conducted at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>amsung <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>edical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>enter, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>orea enrolled patients who were suspected of having broncholithiasis based on chest computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>). The broncholiths were classified as intraluminal, mixed (both intraluminal and extraluminal) and extraluminal based on chest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> and bronchoscopic findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study enrolled 46 patients between 1995 and 2009. Symptoms included cough (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921, 45.7%), hemoptysis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919, 41.3%) and purulent sputum (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911, 23.9%). Cough was more common in intraluminal boncholiths than in other type of broncholiths (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Based on chest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>, there were 15 (32.6%) intraluminal, 15 (32.6%) mixed and 16 (34.8%) extraluminal broncholiths. All 15 intraluminal broncholiths were removed completely via flexible (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) or rigid (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913) bronchoscopy. For the 15 mixed broncholiths, seven (46.7%) bronchoscopic interventions were performed, but complete removal of the broncholiths was not accomplished. Six (40%) mixed and four (25%) extraluminal broncholiths were treated by surgical resection for symptom control. None of the patients who underwent surgical resection suffered morbidity or postoperative mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment of broncholithiasis should be based on chest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> and bronchoscopic findings. Intraluminal broncholiths can be removed via bronchoscopy, while surgery should be considered for symptomatic mixed or extraluminal broncholiths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T11:21:50Z","timestamp":1359458510000},"page":"637-642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Classification of broncholiths and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"So Y.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeongman","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won\u2010Jung","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gee Y.","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man P.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hojoong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O Jung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Won","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc07s199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)42076-X","article-title":"Broncholithiasis","volume":"62","author":"Arrigoni MG","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. 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