{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:05:22Z","timestamp":1789441522920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current methods of diagnosing exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>) shed little light on their aetiology or pathophysiology. This study aimed to define the inflammatory biomarker profile of subjects with obstructive lung disease and to compare these with control subjects also with respiratory infections, using exhaled breath condensate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBC<\/jats:styled-content>) and induced sputum biomarker analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBC<\/jats:styled-content>, induced sputum and C\u2010reactive protein were collected from subjects with exacerbations of asthma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928), exacerbations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929) and otherwise healthy controls with symptoms of respiratory tract infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928). Subjects were tested again after recovery. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBC<\/jats:styled-content> and induced sputum were analysed for protein, hydrogen peroxide, interferon gamma inducible protein\u201010 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010), neopterin, interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, leukotriene <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and tumour necrosis factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b1. Sputum cell counts and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBC pH<\/jats:styled-content> were also analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBC pH<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly lower in exacerbation compared with recovery (5.54 0.07 vs 6.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08; <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The novel markers <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and neopterin were significantly increased in induced sputum supernatant (pooled groups pre and post exacerbation: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010: 188.6\u2009\u00b1\u2009102.1 vs 5.40\u2009\u00b1\u20091.28\u2009pg\/mL, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006; neopterin: 15.81\u2009\u00b1\u20092.50 vs 5.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45\u2009nmol\/L, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), as was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 (137.8\u2009\u00b1\u200949.64 vs 71.56\u2009\u00b1\u200945.03\u2009pg\/mL, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018). Few other biomarkers proved significantly different in exacerbation, although C\u2010reactive protein was raised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010invasive biomarker assessment may provide useful information in exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases, particularly sputum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and neopterin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBC pH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]],"date-time":"2013-03-25T06:24:39Z","timestamp":1364192679000},"page":"874-884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Non\u2010invasive biomarkers in exacerbations of obstructive lung disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Warwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine St Vincent's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Prince of Wales Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah H","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine St Vincent's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2011.160861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00165106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.041806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200807-1126OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2003.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00036411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.124966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2003.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Value of procalcitonin, C\u2010reactive protein, and neopterin in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"6","author":"Lacoma A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron Obstruct. Pulmon Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD).Global strategy for the diagnosis management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.2008. [Accessed 9 Jan 2012.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.goldcopd.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-859OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"i1","article-title":"British guideline on the management of asthma","volume":"58","author":"British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.56.suppl_4.iv1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(06)80166-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00029705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"3s","article-title":"Sputum induction","volume":"37","author":"Paggiaro PL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J. Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.5.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200111-068OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2007.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2008.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1541"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2010.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110300003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.7.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.6.7952628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712803414204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00859-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Measurement of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha, leukotriene B4, and interleukin 8 in the exhaled breath condensate in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"4","author":"Ko FW","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron Obstruct. Pulmon Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200072"}],"container-title":["Respirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fresp.12089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/resp.12089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T12:55:13Z","timestamp":1695992113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/resp.12089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/resp.12089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.12089","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-7799","1440-1843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-7799","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]}}}