{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:00:44Z","timestamp":1791172844557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection is as an important trigger for acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of this article was to determine the prevalence and impact of virus and bacterial infections in acute asthma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were recruited, within 24\u2009h of hospital admission for acute exacerbations of asthma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>. Nose\/throat swabs and sputum samples were collected and examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for respiratory viruses and cultured for bacteria. The primary outcomes were length of stay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>) and readmission to hospital within 60 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 199 subjects were recruited (96 had asthma and 103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>) for 235 events (36 re\u2010presented). A virus was detected in 79 subjects (40%), bacteria in 41 (21%), and of these, 18 had both. Rhinovirus A was the most frequently isolated virus. A multivariate analysis was performed to control for confounders. It found that detection of a virus, a virus and bacteria, forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> were all independent predictors of prolonged <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>, while risk of readmission within 60 days was increased with virus infection alone, virus and bacterial infection, lower FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and current smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Virus infection, especially in the presence of chronic bacterial infection, is an important determinant of more severe acute exacerbations in both asthma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>, and patients with co\u2010infections are more likely to be readmitted to hospital following their exacerbation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]],"date-time":"2013-04-22T08:13:01Z","timestamp":1366618381000},"page":"996-1002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Viral and bacterial infection in acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increases the risk of readmission"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Peter A.B.","family":"Wark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Tooze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales 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