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In those with lung disease, pepsin levels in sputum samples were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, with disease severity (lung function and high\u2010resolution computed tomography) also measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GOR<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> was 37%, in bronchiectasis was 40% and in control subjects was 18% (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). Of those diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GOR<\/jats:styled-content>, clinically silent reflux was detected in 20% of participants with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> and 42% with bronchiectasis. While pepsin was found in 33% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> and 26% of bronchiectasis participants, the presence of pepsin in sputum was not related to a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GOR<\/jats:styled-content> based on oesophageal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> monitoring in either condition. Neither a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GOR<\/jats:styled-content> nor the presence of pepsin was associated with increased severity of lung disease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> or bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GOR<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> or bronchiectasis is twice that of the control population, and the diagnosis could not be based on symptoms alone. Pepsin was detected in sputum in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> and bronchiectasis, suggesting a possible role of pulmonary aspiration, which requires further exploration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T12:26:43Z","timestamp":1377606403000},"page":"211-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Proximal and distal gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Annemarie L.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy The Alfred  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda 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