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All randomized, controlled trials (RCT<\/jats:styled-content>) comparing long\u2010term macrolides with placebo and\/or usual medical care, with outcome measures relating to efficacy and safety were selected. Nine RCT<\/jats:styled-content> recruiting 530 patients were included. Compared with placebo and\/or usual medical care, long\u2010term macrolides significantly reduced the risk of the exacerbations (number of participants with exacerbations (relative risk\u2009=\u20090.70, 95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.60\u20130.82, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.00001); average exacerbations per participant (weighted mean difference\u2009=\u2009\u22121.01, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22121.35 to \u22120.67, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.00001)), the S<\/jats:styled-content>t G<\/jats:styled-content>eorge's R<\/jats:styled-content>espiratory Q<\/jats:styled-content>uestionnaire total scores (weighted mean difference\u2009=\u2009\u22125.39 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22129.89 to \u22120.88, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), dyspnoea scale (weighted mean difference\u2009=\u2009\u22120.31 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22120.42 to \u22120.20, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.00001), 24\u2010h sputum volume (P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.00001), and attenuated the decline of forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s (weighted mean difference 0.02\u2009L<\/jats:styled-content>, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.00\u20130.04, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Eradication of pathogens (P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06), overall rate of adverse events (P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.61), and emergence of new pathogens (P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.61) were not elevated, while gastrointestinal events increased significantly with macrolides (P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001). Macrolide resistance increased, but a meta\u2010analysis was not possible due to the diversity of parameters. Long\u2010term use of macrolides appears to be a treatment option for stable bronchiectasis. The results of this review justify further investigation about adding this intervention to the treatment regimens of bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T03:29:26Z","timestamp":1389670166000},"page":"321-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Long\u2010term macrolides for non\u2010cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Qibiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Research and Industrialization of Empirical Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Research and Industrialization of Empirical Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiqiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medicial University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2.739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2006.01219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2011.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cpm.0000171422.98696.ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012519"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0487OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00003709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2011.02444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200504020-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.03979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00042208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.6.9710075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002203.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1161-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001392.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10050994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13b24.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70038-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins JPT","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7303.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510210084032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510250075039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01085-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"Dr Chris Cates' EBM web site. 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