{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:06:05Z","timestamp":1759341965826},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>Mediastinal lymphadenopathy (MLN<\/jats:styled-content>) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection has a wide spectrum of aetiologies with different prognoses and treatments. The decision to pursue a histopathological diagnosis represents a clinical challenge as patients present with non\u2010specific symptoms. This study aimed to determine the aetiology and predictive factors of MLN<\/jats:styled-content> in a cohort of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART<\/jats:styled-content>) era.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Single\u2010centre retrospective cohort study of 217 consecutive HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients who underwent computed tomography (CT<\/jats:styled-content>) of the chest between J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2004 and D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2009. Fifty\u2010two patients were identified to have MLN<\/jats:styled-content> (>10\u2009mm in short axis). CT<\/jats:styled-content> images were re\u2010reviewed by an independent radiologist blinded to the clinical information. Final diagnoses of MLN<\/jats:styled-content> were obtained from clinical records. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of aetiology of MLN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Seventeen patients (33%) had a diagnosis of malignancy. Consolidation on CT<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with a reduced likelihood of malignancy odds ratio (OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.03 (95% confidence interval 0.002\u20130.422), and larger lymph nodes were associated with an increase in the odds of malignancy (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.89; 95% confidence interval 1.24\u20136.71). CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count was found not to be a predictor of aetiology of MLN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In the era of combination cART<\/jats:styled-content>, opportunistic infections and malignancy remain to be the frequent causes of MLN<\/jats:styled-content> in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients, but the prevalence of non\u2010HIV<\/jats:styled-content> related malignancy has increased compared with previous studies. Although certain findings are predictors of non\u2010malignant disease, pathological diagnosis of MLN<\/jats:styled-content> in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients should be pursued whenever possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T06:38:44Z","timestamp":1390977524000},"page":"339-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["High prevalence of malignancy in HIV\u2010positive patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy: A study in the era of antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Al\u00e7ada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine University College London Hospitals London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magali N.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University College London Hospitals London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penny J.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University College London Hospitals London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam M.","family":"Janes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine University College London Hospitals London UK"},{"name":"Lungs for Living Research Centre UCL Respiratory London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Navani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine University College London Hospitals London UK"},{"name":"Lungs for Living Research Centre UCL Respiratory London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health University College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)11037-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.5.1326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0836OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.13.1736"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200211010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.162.3.8109494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.1999.13.645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.1.8571866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.01.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revised surveillance case definitions for HIV infection among adults, adolescents, and children aged <18 months and for HIV infection and AIDS among children aged 18 months to <13 years","volume":"57","author":"Schneider E","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. 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