{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:26:47Z","timestamp":1790666807822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]],"date-time":"2014-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"The Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content>) prevalence was previously estimated at 9% in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan. However, the definition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> in that study was based on an apnoea\u2010hypopnoea index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>) of \u2265 20\/h rather than \u2265 5\/h. Therefore, the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> was not measured in the same way as for Western countries. Our study objectives were to investigate the characteristics of Japanese patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine hundred eighty\u2010one consecutive patients investigated for suspected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled. At least 90% of them were from urban areas, including 162 with obese <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> (body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009\u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2265\u20095\/h).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> 36.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> and that in obese <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> were 2.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that independent of age and BMI, arterial oxygen pressure (contribution rate (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>)\u2009=\u20097.7%), 4% oxygen desaturation index (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20098.9%), carbon monoxide diffusing capacity\/alveolar volume (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20098.3%), haemoglobin concentration (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20094.9%) and waist circumference (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20094.9%) were independently associated with arterial carbon dioxide pressure. After 12.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 months of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAP<\/jats:styled-content> treatment, more than 60% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content> patients no longer had hypercapnia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan was 2.3%. The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan was lower than that in Western countries (36.7\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs 44.0\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T03:11:27Z","timestamp":1410405087000},"page":"1233-1240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Obesity hypoventilation syndrome in <scp>J<\/scp>apan and independent determinants of arterial carbon dioxide levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Harada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Chihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimihiko","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikara","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Oga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Respiratory Center Nakamura Clinic  Urasoe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Japan Respiratory Failure Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-999-0131-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art review","volume":"55","author":"Mokhlesi B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir. 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