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While the early complications of the epidemic were dominated by opportunistic infections, improved survival has led to the emergence of non\u2010infectious conditions that are associated with chronic respiratory symptoms and pulmonary disability. Obstructive ventilatory defects and reduced diffusing capacity are common findings in adults, and the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is increasingly recognized. There is synergism between viral factors, opportunistic infections, conventional influences like tobacco smoke and biomass fuel exposure, and potentially, the immunological effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> on the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated chronic obstructive lung disease. Pulmonary function data for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected infants and children are scarce, but shows that bronchiectasis and obliterative bronchiolitis with severe airflow limitation are major problems, particularly in the developing world. However, studies from these regions are sorely lacking. There is thus a major unmet need to understand the influences of chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection on the lung in both adults and children, and to devise strategies to manage and prevent these diseases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals. It is important for clinicians working with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals to have an appreciation of their effects on measurements of lung function.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This review therefore summarizes the lung function abnormalities described in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive adults and children, with an emphasis on obstructive lung disease, and examines potential pathogenic links between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and the development of chronic pulmonary disability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T08:21:27Z","timestamp":1411460487000},"page":"24-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Lung function abnormalities in <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected adults and children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gregory L.","family":"Calligaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonology Groote Schuur Hospital  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Division of Pulmonology Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.2009-047WS"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000159833.28271.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912283212604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS.UNAIDS report of the global AIDS epidemic 2013.2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2010.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00072909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2014.Chronic respiratory diseases: burden of COPD. 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