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In recent years, relatively large number of studies has linked cigarette or biomass fuel smoke exposure and various aspects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>. Our goals are to summarize the significance of the known published studies, graphically represent reports that quantified the association and discuss their potential limitations. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ub<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ed searches were performed using the key words \u2018tuberculosis\u2019 with \u2018cigarette\u2019, \u2018tobacco\u2019, \u2018smoke\u2019 or \u2018biomass fuel smoke.\u2019 The references of relevant articles were examined for additional pertinent papers. A large number of mostly case\u2013control and cross\u2010sectional studies significantly associate both direct and second\u2010hand smoke exposure with tuberculous infection, active <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>, and\/or more severe and lethal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>. Fewer link biomass fuel smoke exposure and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>. While a number of studies interpreted the association with multivariate analysis, other confounders are often not accounted for in these analyses. It is also important to emphasize that these retrospective studies can only show an association and not any causal link. We further explored the possibility that even if <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure is a risk factor for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>, several mechanisms may be responsible. Numerous studies associate cigarette and biomass smoke exposure with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> but the mechanism(s) remains largely unknown. While the associative link of these two health maladies is well established, more definitive, mechanistic studies are needed to cement the effect of smoke exposure on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> pathogenesis and to utilize this knowledge in empowering public health policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T10:09:00Z","timestamp":1427364540000},"page":"556-568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Epidemiologic link between tuberculosis and cigarette\/biomass smoke exposure: Limitations despite the vast literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Raju","family":"Bishwakarma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Mya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avani","family":"Gangavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane J.","family":"Ordway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Iseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward D.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Global perspective on tobacco control. 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