{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:30Z","timestamp":1787015910654,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universit","award":["ITR0961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITR0961"]}]},{"name":"National Key Scientific & Technology Support Program:\u00a0Collaborative innovation of Clinical Research for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer","award":["2013BAI09B09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BAI09B09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81400010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81400010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The National Key Technology R&D Program of the 12th National Five-year Development Plan","award":["2012BAI05B01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI05B01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aetiologies of bronchiectasis in mainland\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hina and their comparisons with those in western countries are unknown. We aimed to investigate bronchiectasis aetiologies in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      uangzhou, southern\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hina, and to determine ethnic or geographic differences with reports from western countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Consecutive patients with steady\u2010state bronchiectasis were randomly recruited. Past history was meticulously extracted. Patients underwent physical examination, saccharine test, humoral immunity assays, gastroesophageal reflux scoring and sputum culture. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, total immunoglobin\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:italic>spergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010specific\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      measurement, 24\u2010h gastroesophageal pH monitoring and miscellaneous screening tests were performed, if indicated. This entailed comparisons on aetiologies with literature reports.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 148 patients (44.6\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8 years, 92 females), most of whom had mild to moderate bronchiectasis. Idiopathic (46.0%), post\u2010infectious (27.0%) and immunodeficiency (8.8%) were the most common aetiologies. Miscellaneous aetiologies consisted of asthma (5.4%), gastroesophageal reflux (4.1%), aspergillosis (2.7%), congenital lung malformation (2.0%), Kartagener syndrome (1.4%), rheumatoid arthritis (1.4%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.7%), Young's syndrome (0.7%), yellow nail's syndrome (0.7%), eosinophilic bronchiolitis (0.7%) and foreign bodies (0.7%). No notable differences in clinical characteristics between idiopathic and known aetiologies were found. Ethnic or geographic variations of aetiologies were overall unremarkable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Idiopathic, post\u2010infectious and immunodeficiency constitute major bronchiectasis aetiologies in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      uangzhou. Clinical characteristics of patients between known aetiologies and idiopathic bronchiectasis were similar. Ethnicity and geography only account for limited differences in aetiologic spectra. These findings will offer rationales for early diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis in future studies and clinical practice in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hina.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T19:31:09Z","timestamp":1427398269000},"page":"739-748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Aetiology of bronchiectasis in\n                    <scp>G<\/scp>\n                    uangzhou, southern\n                    <scp>C<\/scp>\n                    hina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wei\u2010jie","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease First 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