{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:31:13Z","timestamp":1792798273246,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["#098479\/z\/12\/z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#098479\/z\/12\/z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/029chgv08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OPP1017641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1017641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003549","name":"Hungarian Scientific Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#105403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#105403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Thrasher Foundation","award":["#9207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#9207"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Foundation of Australia","award":["#1025550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1025550"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Foundation of Australia","award":["#1002035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1002035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Population\u2010appropriate lung function reference data are essential to accurately identify respiratory disease and measure response to interventions. There are currently no reference data in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      frican infants. The aim was to describe normal lung function in healthy\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      frican infants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lung function was performed on healthy\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      outh\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      frican infants enrolled in a birth cohort study, the Drakenstein child health study. Infants were excluded if they were born preterm or had a history of neonatal respiratory distress or prior respiratory tract infection. Measurements, made during natural sleep, included the forced oscillation technique, tidal breathing, exhaled nitric oxide and multiple breath washout measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred sixty\u2010three infants were tested. Acceptable and repeatable measurements were obtained in 356 (98%) and 352 (97%) infants for tidal breathing analysis and exhaled nitric oxide outcomes, 345 (95%) infants for multiple breath washout and 293 of the 333 (88%) infants for the forced oscillation technique. Age, sex and weight\u2010for\u2010age z score were significantly associated with lung function measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study provides reference data for unsedated infant lung function in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      frican infants and highlights the importance of using population\u2010specific data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T21:41:10Z","timestamp":1435786870000},"page":"1108-1114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Lung function and exhaled nitric oxide in healthy unsedated\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    frican infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Diane","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"MRC Unit Child and Adolescent Lung Health  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Willemse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"MRC Unit Child and Adolescent Lung Health  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ane","family":"Visagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"MRC Unit Child and Adolescent Lung Health  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health and Family University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorottya","family":"Cz\u00f6vek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Informatics University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"},{"name":"Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute University of Queensland  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D","family":"Sly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute University of Queensland  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Hantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Informatics University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"},{"name":"Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute University of Queensland  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham L","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J","family":"Zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"MRC Unit Child and Adolescent Lung Health  Cape Town South 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