{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:15:48Z","timestamp":1781842548770,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003670","name":"National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NA2013-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA2013-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>Inhaled medications have been widely applied to patients with airflow limiting non\u2010cystic fibrosis (non\u2010CF<\/jats:styled-content>) bronchiectasis. However, the association between the use of inhalers and the development of haemoptysis has rarely been explored. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the risk of haemoptysis and the use of inhalers in patients with non\u2010CF<\/jats:styled-content> bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A nested case\u2013control study was performed using a national claims database from 1 J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2009 to 31 D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2011. Inhalers including inhaled corticosteroids (ICS<\/jats:styled-content>), long\u2010acting \u03b22<\/jats:sub> agonists (LABA<\/jats:styled-content>), long\u2010acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA<\/jats:styled-content>), short\u2010acting \u03b22<\/jats:sub> agonists (SABA<\/jats:styled-content>), short\u2010acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMA<\/jats:styled-content>) and their combinations were tested for the risk of clinically significant haemoptysis events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among the 62\u2009530 eligible new users of inhalers with non\u2010CF<\/jats:styled-content> bronchiectasis, 6180 patients with haemoptysis and 27\u2009486 strictly matched controls were selected. In the unadjusted analyses, SAMA<\/jats:styled-content>, LAMA<\/jats:styled-content>, SABA<\/jats:styled-content> and ICS<\/jats:styled-content>\/LABA<\/jats:styled-content> significantly increased the risk of haemoptysis. After adjustment for other inhaled respiratory medications, comorbidities, health\u2010care utilization and concomitant medications, SAMA<\/jats:styled-content>, SABA<\/jats:styled-content> and LAMA<\/jats:styled-content> consistently increased the risk of haemoptysis (SAMA<\/jats:styled-content>: odds ratio (OR<\/jats:styled-content>), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>), 1.1\u20131.4; LAMA<\/jats:styled-content>: OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.2; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.1\u20131.2; SABA<\/jats:styled-content>: OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.2; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.1\u20131.2). The association between anticholinergics (SAMA<\/jats:styled-content> and LAMA<\/jats:styled-content>) and risk of haemoptysis showed a dose\u2010dependent trend (P<\/jats:italic> for trend, <0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The use of SABA<\/jats:styled-content> and inhaled anticholinergics in patients with non\u2010CF<\/jats:styled-content> bronchiectasis increased the risk of haemoptysis. The risk\u2013benefit ratio of inhaled bronchodilators should be considered in the haemoptysis\u2010susceptible population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T10:38:27Z","timestamp":1440153507000},"page":"1213-1221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between inhaler use and risk of haemoptysis in patients with non\u2010cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Eun Jin","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Evidence\u2010based Healthcare Collaborating Agency Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Information Statistics Andong National University Andong Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Evidence\u2010based Healthcare Collaborating Agency Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Il","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam\u2010Si Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Evidence\u2010based Healthcare Collaborating Agency Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Evidence\u2010based Healthcare Collaborating Agency Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Mi","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Evidence\u2010based Healthcare Collaborating Agency Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae\u2010Joon","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deog Kyeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Metropolitan Government\u2010Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"691","article-title":"Bronchiectasis: not an orphan disease in the East","volume":"8","author":"Tsang KW","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. 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