{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:44:19Z","timestamp":1791459859289,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,27]],"date-time":"2015-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although in many Western countries levels of ambient air pollution have been improving with the setting of upper limits and better urban planning, air pollution in developing countries and particularly those with rapid industrialization has become a major global problem. Together with increased motor vehicle ownership and traffic congestion, there is a growing issue with airborne particles of respirable size. These particles are thought responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular effects and have also been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. The pathologic effects in the lung are mediated via inflammatory pathways and involve oxidative stress similar to cigarette smoking. These effects are seen in the peripheral airways where the smaller particle fractions are deposited and lead to airway remodelling. However, emphysema and loss of bronchioles seen with cigarette smoking have not been described with ambient air pollution, and there are few studies specifically looking at peripheral airway function. Definitive evidence of air pollution causing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> is lacking and a different study design is required to link air pollution and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]],"date-time":"2015-09-28T03:27:39Z","timestamp":1443410859000},"page":"237-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Contribution of air pollution to <scp>COPD<\/scp> and small airway dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Norbert","family":"Berend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health Woolcock Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Air Quality guidelines for particulate matter ozone nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide.World Health Organization.2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health.World Health Organization.2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.102-1567252"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00403203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15b13.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.2001063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3488"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201205-0850OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05638.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701864797"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2010160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.9904084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00024.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.019588"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1113OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200602-301OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2000.0678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0937OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.078964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11813"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-5-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20130155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00130014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.9911116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.15.050194.000543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(89)80012-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.3.9804144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.109389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318181650f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.1.9710101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5355"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.11.2102005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520190043033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0047OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17510240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00100112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.5.8173761"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105482"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.3.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Indoor air pollution in developing countries","volume":"43","author":"Chen BH","year":"1990","journal-title":"World Health Stat. Q."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92647-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"622","article-title":"Smoke\u2010filled rooms and lower respiratory disease in infants","volume":"61","author":"Kossove D","year":"1982","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"Studies of chronic (nontuberculous) lung disease in New Guinea populations. The nature of the disease","volume":"102","author":"Woolcock AJ","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200503-479OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.5.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Exposure to domestic cooking fuels and chronic bronchitis","volume":"27","author":"Malik SK","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J. Chest Dis. Allied Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.3.8810608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.12.1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.061457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200612-1749OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00052705"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201404-0720OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.11.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2001.00339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00206112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","first-page":"972","article-title":"Comparison of lung morphology in COPD secondary to cigarette and biomass smoke","volume":"12","author":"Rivera RM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.5.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200504-568OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00186311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-0992OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106955"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2112096"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.031146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000188332.10217.4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"The single breath N2\u2010test predicts the rate of decline in FEV1. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923","volume":"69","author":"Olofsson J","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.2.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9710042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-037OC"}],"container-title":["Respirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fresp.12644","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fresp.12644","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/resp.12644","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/resp.12644","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/resp.12644","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T01:47:47Z","timestamp":1694051267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/resp.12644"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,27]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/resp.12644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.12644","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-7799","1440-1843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-7799","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,27]]}}}