{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:15:47Z","timestamp":1790320547097,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,18]],"date-time":"2015-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Career Development Fellowship","award":["1032695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1032695"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Career Development Fellowship","award":["1026880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1026880"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of asthma exacerbations. Neutrophils accumulate in the airways and the mechanisms that link neutrophilic inflammation, viral infections and exacerbations are unclear. This study aims to investigate anti\u2010viral responses in neutrophils from patients with and without asthma and to investigate if neutrophils can be directly activated by respiratory viruses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutrophils from peripheral blood from asthmatic and non\u2010asthmatic individuals were isolated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>) (1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), f\u2010met\u2010leu\u2010phe (f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content>) (100\u2009nM), imiquimod (3\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>848 (1.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), poly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> (10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RV<\/jats:styled-content>16 (multiplicity of infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOI<\/jats:styled-content>)1), respiratory syncytial virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOI<\/jats:styled-content>1) or influenza virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOI<\/jats:styled-content>1). Cell\u2010free supernatants were collected after 1\u2009h of neutrophil elastase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content>) and matrix metalloproteinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20109 release, or after 24\u2009h for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8 release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>, f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content>, imiquimod and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>848 stimulated the release of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 whereas poly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> selectively induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8 release only. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>848\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8 release was enhanced in neutrophils from asthmatics compared with non\u2010asthmatic cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content> triggered the release of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content> from neutrophils, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RV<\/jats:styled-content>16 or influenza had no effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutrophils release <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 in response to viral surrogates with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>848\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8 release being specifically enhanced in asthmatic neutrophils. Toll\u2010like receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>7\/8) dysregulation may play a role in neutrophilic inflammation in viral\u2010induced exacerbations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T03:02:43Z","timestamp":1445223763000},"page":"172-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Differential neutrophil activation in viral infections: Enhanced <scp>TLR<\/scp>\u20107\/8\u2010mediated <scp>CXCL<\/scp>8 release in asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Francesca S.M.","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Van Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Genome Integrity Group The Children's Medical Research Institute  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Spann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Reading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janette K.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Hartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Baines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease The University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences University of Technology Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.10.875"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.5.9806170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"340","article-title":"Neutrophils and asthma","volume":"19","author":"Monteseirin J","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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