{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:09:11Z","timestamp":1790460551011,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Hospital Llandough"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content>) is characterized by progressive decline in lung function and increasing dyspnoea. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content>, pulmonary function, resting tidal breathing patterns and level of breathlessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one participants with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content> and 17 matched healthy controls underwent lung function testing, followed by a 2\u2010min period of resting tidal breathing. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content> cohort was stratified according to disease severity, based on their forced vital capacity and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison to the healthy controls, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content> cohort showed a higher tidal volume, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, of 0.22\u2009L (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) and a raised minute ventilation in the severest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content> group, while no differences in the timing of inspiration or expiration were observed. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content> cohort, the ratio of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> to forced vital capacity was around 15% higher. These changes corresponded with an increase in the self\u2010reported sensation of breathlessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content> increased their depth of breathing with worsening disease severity, with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced changes in pulmonary function and breathlessness associated with an altered tidal breathing pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T10:00:54Z","timestamp":1448359254000},"page":"344-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Breathing pattern and breathlessness in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kasope L.","family":"Olukogbon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Function Laboratory University Hospital Llandough  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Colasanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computation Institute University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Hope\u2010Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine University Hospital Llandough  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar Mark","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales  Cardiff 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