{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:27Z","timestamp":1787016147742,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1001062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n \n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a cell adhesion site for specific bacteria, notably non\u2010typeable\n \n H<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n aemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n (\n NTHi<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n \n S<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n treptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n . We previously published that\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression is significantly upregulated in the large airways of smokers, especially in\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . We have now investigated\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression in the epithelium and Rbm of small airways and in the alveolar compartment in smokers and patients with both\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and small airway disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We evaluated\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression cross\u2010sectionally in resected lung tissue from: eight smokers with normal lung function (\n NLFS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); 10 with smoking\u2010related small airway narrowing only; eight\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n smokers; 10\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ex\u2010smokers, and compared these with nine control tissues. Anti\u2010\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n immunostaining was quantified using computer\u2010aided image analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Significantly increased\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression in small airway epithelium of all clinical groups was found compared with controls (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). Moreover, epithelial\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression was upregulated in\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n smokers compared with\n NLFS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), but not when compared with\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ex\u2010smokers or patients with only small airways disease. Smoking history (pack\u2010year) correlated significantly with\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression in the currently smoking individuals, especially in\n NLFS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (r\u2009=\u20090.9;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.002). An increase above normal in\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010expressing cells in the airway epithelial Rbm was only significant in\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n smokers (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.007). An upregulation of\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010expressing cell in alveolar epithelium was uniformly found in all clinical groups compared with normal control (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Epithelial\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression is upregulated in small airways and alveoli in smokers and\n COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Increased expression of\n PAFr<\/jats:styled-content>\n could be crucial in facilitating acute and chronic respiratory infection with specific respiratory pathogens.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,13]],"date-time":"2015-12-13T02:20:17Z","timestamp":1449973217000},"page":"504-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Platelet\u2010activating factor receptor (PAFr) is upregulated in small airways and alveoli of smokers and COPD patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shakti Dhar","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease School of Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Konrad","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease School of Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease School of Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhwinder Singh","family":"Sohal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease School of Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of Tasmania Launceston Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Haydn","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease School of Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Global Strategy for the Diagnosis Management and Prevention of COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD).News & events from around the world 2015. 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