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Interactions between sleep, exercise and hypoxic exposure have not been fully elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen men were confined 10 days to a simulated altitude of 4175\u2009m (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.139; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200988\u2009mm\u2009Hg). They were randomly assigned to an exercise intervention of 2\u2009\u00d7\u200960\u2010min cycle exercise\/day at 50% of their hypoxia\u2010specific peak power output (exercise, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098), or they completed no exercise (control, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096, random order). Sleep and breathing were objectively assessed via full polysomnography on night 1, after 14\u2010h acute exposure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1), and again on night 10 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>10).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exercise group spent more time in light sleep than control on N10 (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 8.5\u201315.0%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013) and experienced more stage shifts (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 13\u201344; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023) on both nights compared with control. The exercise group experienced more apnoea\u2013hypopnoea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>) events per hour compared with control (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1\u2013110; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content> events that were associated with night desaturations were also higher on N1 (exercise: 397\u2009\u00b1\u2009320, control: 124\u2009\u00b1\u2009205, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) and N10 (exercise: 375\u2009\u00b1\u2009229, control: 110\u2009\u00b1\u2009138, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 49\u2013489 total events; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020). The length of hyperpnoea was increased from 12.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u2009s on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1 to 14.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u2009s on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>10 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), and thus, total cycle length also increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) in both cohorts. Mean pooled duty ratios were 0.68\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1 and 0.69\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>10 (group effect <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.617).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily, moderate\u2010intensity exercise in normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 4175\u2009m exacerbated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content> events, and negatively affected sleep architecture in exercisers compared with matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T10:16:44Z","timestamp":1450952204000},"page":"746-753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of exercise on night periodic breathing and loop gain during hypoxic confinement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shawnda A.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jozef Stefan Institute  Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology Division of Neurology University Medical Centre  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Pangerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology Division of Neurology University Medical Centre  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Eiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Physiology School of Technology and Health Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor B.","family":"Mekjavic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jozef Stefan Institute  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leja","family":"Dolenc\u2010Groselj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology Division of Neurology University Medical Centre  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2004.028985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00721.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-807OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00633.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0598LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200412-1631SO"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911-1694OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"162","article-title":"Improving athletic performance: is altitude residence or altitude training helpful?","volume":"71","author":"Fulco C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aviat. 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