{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:21:25Z","timestamp":1790814085116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Jurong Health Services"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited data exist on the prevalence variation in sleep\u2010disordered breathing (SDB) across different Asian ethnicities. This population study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SDB in Singapore, a multiethnic nation, and to quantify the prevalence variation among Chinese, Malays and Indians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Singapore Health Study 2012 was a cross\u2010sectional population study conducted on adults aged 21\u201379\u2009years. Among 2329 participants who completed baseline examination, a sample of 242 subjects completed home\u2010based sleep testing with an Embletta device (type 3 monitor). Moderate\u2010to\u2010severe SDB, defined as an apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index (AHI) of \u226515\u2009events\/h, was used to estimate prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The weighted estimates of the population prevalence of moderate\u2010to\u2010severe SDB and sleep apnoea syndrome were 30.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Of subjects with AHI \u226515, 91.0% were previously undiagnosed. Moderate\u2010to\u2010severe SDB prevalence varied across the Chinese (32.1%), Malays (33.8%) and Indians (16.5%). The mean body mass index (BMI) was lowest in Chinese (23.3\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and highest among Malays (26.0\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and Indians (25.4\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Compared with Chinese, Indians had lower odds of moderate\u2010to\u2010severe SDB after adjustment for age, sex and BMI (odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70\u20130.96, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep\u2010disordered breathing is prevalent but mostly undiagnosed among Asians in Singapore. There was a lower prevalence of SDB among Indians compared with Chinese that remained after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Strategies are needed to optimize diagnosis and recognize ethnic differences in SDB prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T16:36:09Z","timestamp":1456763769000},"page":"943-950","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Prevalence of sleep\u2010disordered breathing in a multiethnic Asian population in Singapore: A community\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Adeline","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital Jurong Health Services  Singapore 609606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Yi","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology National University Heart Centre  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Yen","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda W.L.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Hang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology National University Heart Centre  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.9.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-0939-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200302-265OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-519OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328358be05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520760"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27768"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"Population trends2014. 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