{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:24:40Z","timestamp":1771550680547,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Fund Committee for Infectious Diseases","award":["CHP-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHP-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tuberculin skin test (TST), T\u2010Spot.TB (T\u2010Spot) and QuantiFERON\u2010TB Gold\u2010In Tube (QFT) were compared in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected persons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus\u2010infected persons without previous history of tuberculosis or LTBI were simultaneously tested by TST, T\u2010Spot and QFT annually and followed up for tuberculosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 110 HIV\u2010infected subjects with 85% previous TST screening coverage, 75% on anti\u2010retroviral therapy, well\u2010preserved median CD4 count (414\/\u03bcL) and low median viral load (&lt;75\/\u03bcL), baseline TST, T\u2010Spot and QFT were positive in 5.5%, 5.6% and 4.9%, respectively, with almost complete discordance of positive results. Among 91 (83%), 66 (60%) and 26 (24%) subjects successfully undergoing the first, second and third annual retesting, TST, T\u2010Spot and QFT were, respectively, positive in 11\/123 (8.9%), 13\/173 (7.5%) and 21\/182 (11.5%) on retesting, with similar discordance of positive results. There was no significant association with the concurrent CD4 count or viral load. Conversion occurred in 11\/123 (8.9%), 8\/160 (5.0%) and 18\/168 (10.7%) of TST, T\u2010Spot and QFT, respectively, and none was associated with changes in CD4 count or viral load. More than half of the positive T\u2010SPOT and QFT results reverted to negative on follow\u2010up. None of these tests picked up the single case of culture\u2010confirmed tuberculosis observed after 798\u2009person\u2010years of follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Major discordance in positive results, high reversion rates and low tuberculosis incidence among test\u2010positive subjects cast serious doubt on the utility of the currently available LTBI tests in the annual screening of HIV\u2010infected persons in an intermediate tuberculosis burden area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T08:49:13Z","timestamp":1461833353000},"page":"1322-1329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Poor agreement between diagnostic tests for latent tuberculosis infection among HIV\u2010infected persons in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chi Chiu","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TB and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenny","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection Department of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing Cheong","family":"Yam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Infection and Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man Po","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Queen Elizabeth Hospital  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Kuen","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka Hing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection Department of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pak Leung","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Infection and Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheuk Ming","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903023200901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000171.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"49","author":"CDC","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05115-1","article-title":"Enhanced contact tracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by enumeration of antigen\u2010specific T cells","volume":"23","author":"Lalvani A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Guidelines for using the QuantiFERON\u2010TB Gold test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, United States","volume":"54","author":"Mazurek GH","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70210-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Prevalence of purified protein derivative positivity in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals in Hong Kong","volume":"115","author":"Chan KCW","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin. 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