{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:50:21Z","timestamp":1792605021077,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Legionella longbeachae<\/jats:italic> is a predominant cause of Legionnaires' disease in some parts of the world, particularly in Australasia. Clinical reports of <jats:italic>L.\u2009longbeachae<\/jats:italic> infection are limited to case reports or small case series, and culture\u2010confirmed cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of <jats:italic>L.\u2009longbeachae<\/jats:italic> pneumonia in a large case series from Christchurch, New Zealand during a 4\u2010year period when both PCR and cultures were used as routine diagnostic tools for Legionnaires' disease. Cases of <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic> pneumonia were reviewed for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 107 cases of <jats:italic>L.\u2009longbeachae<\/jats:italic> infection were identified by PCR and\/or culture<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> The median age was 65\u2009years (range 25\u201390\u2009years), 63% were male, and most became unwell during spring or summer. Presenting clinical features were similar to those reported for community\u2010acquired pneumonia, with headache, myalgia and diarrhoea being common. Elevated C\u2010reactive protein, hyponatraemia and abnormal liver function tests were also common. History of productive cough, involvement of both lungs, and high bacterial load were independently associated with culture of <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> from lower respiratory samples. One quarter required intensive care unit admission, and 5% died. Among patients given antimicrobial therapy before admission, those given agents without anti\u2010<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> activity were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit. Limited comparisons were made with the 19 <jats:italic>L.\u2009pneumophila<\/jats:italic> cases over the same time period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Characteristics of <jats:italic>L.\u2009longbeachae<\/jats:italic> pneumonia are broadly similar to those reported for community\u2010acquired pneumonia from a variety of other populations, except for the spring\/summer seasonality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T21:28:08Z","timestamp":1463866088000},"page":"1292-1299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Legionnaires' disease caused by <i>Legionella longbeachae<\/i>: Clinical features and outcomes of 107 cases from an endemic area"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Isenman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Pithie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharyn L.S.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Hegarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna L.","family":"Fenwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Maze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.L.","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Christchurch Hospital  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Murdoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70713-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00052-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.100446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.035857-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880600656X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00191913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"777","article-title":"Legionnaires' Disease associated with potting soil \u2013 California, Oregon, and Washington, May\u2013June 2000","volume":"49","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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