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This study tested the hypothesis that the reduced TGF\u2010\u03b21 levels previously observed in paediatric asthmatic airway epithelial cells directly contribute to the dysregulated repair seen in these cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary airway epithelial cells (pAEC) from children with asthma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916) and non\u2010asthmatic subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) were isolated, and subcultured for investigation of TGF\u2010\u03b21 gene and protein via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Expression of other associated genes such as integrins \u03b1v\u03b26, \u03b1v\u03b28 and MT1\u2010MMP were also tested. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to assess the role of TGF\u2010\u03b21 during wound repair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TGF\u2010\u03b21 gene and protein expression were significantly downregulated in asthmatic pAEC over the course of repair, compared with cells from non\u2010asthmatic children. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of TGF\u2010\u03b21 was also directly implicated in non\u2010asthmatic and asthmatic pAEC proliferation over their quiescent counterparts. Small interfering RNA\u2010mediated knockdown of TGF\u2010\u03b21 compromised repair in non\u2010asthmatic pAEC and exacerbated the dysregulated repair seen in asthmatic pAEC. Expression of major TGF\u2010\u03b21 activators of epithelial cells, integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 and \u03b1v\u03b28 was also measured and there was no difference in \u03b1v\u03b26 gene expression between the two cohorts. Although integrin \u03b1v\u03b28 gene expression was significantly higher in asthmatic pAEC, the expression of MT1\u2010MMP (MMP14) which facilitates the \u03b1v\u03b28 mediated TGF\u2010\u03b21 activation was significantly downregulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data has highlighted the importance of TGF\u2010\u03b21 in pAEC wound repair <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The significantly lower levels seen in asthmatic pAEC subsequently contributes to the dysregulated repair observed in these cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T04:56:03Z","timestamp":1464152163000},"page":"1219-1226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Reduced transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) in the repair of airway epithelial cells of children with asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kak\u2010Ming","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research The University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika N.","family":"Sutanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research The University of Western 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