{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T01:02:23Z","timestamp":1776992543927,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California Research"},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R21 DK103104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DK103104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>We directly compared sleep apnoea (SA<\/jats:styled-content>) rates and risk of cardiovascular and mortality outcomes among SA<\/jats:styled-content> patients with resistant hypertension (RH<\/jats:styled-content>) and non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content> within a large diverse hypertension population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A retrospective cohort study between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2010 among hypertensive adults (age\u2009\u2265\u200918\u2009years) was performed within an integrated health system. Rates of SA<\/jats:styled-content> in RH<\/jats:styled-content> and non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content> were determined. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate OR<\/jats:styled-content> for SA<\/jats:styled-content>. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs<\/jats:styled-content>) for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes between SA<\/jats:styled-content> in RH<\/jats:styled-content> versus SA<\/jats:styled-content> in non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content> adjusting for age, gender, race, BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, chronic kidney disease and other comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>\nSA<\/jats:styled-content> was identified in 33\u2009682 (7.2%) from 470\u2009386 hypertensive individuals. SA<\/jats:styled-content> in RH<\/jats:styled-content> accounted for 5806 (9.6%) compared to SA<\/jats:styled-content> in non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content> 27\u2009876 individuals (6.8%). Multivariable OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>) for SA<\/jats:styled-content> was 1.16 (1.12, 1.19), 3.57 (3.47, 3.66) and 2.20 (2.15, 2.25) for RH<\/jats:styled-content> versus non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content>, BMI<\/jats:styled-content> \u2265 30, and males, respectively. Compared to SA<\/jats:styled-content> in non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content> individuals, SA<\/jats:styled-content> in RH<\/jats:styled-content> had a multivariable adjusted HR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>) of 1.24 (1.13, 1.36), 1.43 (1.28, 1.61), 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) and 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) for ischaemic heart event (IHE<\/jats:styled-content>), congestive heart failure (CHF<\/jats:styled-content>), stroke and mortality, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>We observed a modest increase in likelihood for SA<\/jats:styled-content> among RH<\/jats:styled-content> compared to non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Risks for IHE<\/jats:styled-content> and CHF<\/jats:styled-content> were higher for SA<\/jats:styled-content> in RH<\/jats:styled-content> compared to SA<\/jats:styled-content> in non\u2010RH<\/jats:styled-content> patients; however, there were no differences in risk for stroke and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T05:04:47Z","timestamp":1468818287000},"page":"1486-1492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparisons of sleep apnoea rate and outcomes among patients with resistant and non\u2010resistant hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Simran K.","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Los Angeles California 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USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Csaba P.","family":"Kovesdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamyar","family":"Kalantar\u2010Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University of California Irvine Medical Center Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena California 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