{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:58:15Z","timestamp":1785902295996,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iatrogenic tracheal injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare yet severe complication of endotracheal tube (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETT<\/jats:styled-content>) placement or tracheostomy. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content> is suspected in patients with clinical and\/or radiographic signs or inefficient mechanical ventilation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content>) following these procedures. Bronchoscopy is used to establish a definitive diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective, single\u2010centre chart review of 35 patients between 2004 and 2014. Depending on the nature and location of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content> and need for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content>, patients were triaged to surgical repair, endoscopic management with airway stents or conservative treatment consisting of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETT<\/jats:styled-content> or tracheotomy cannula (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>) placement distal to the wound and bronchoscopic surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three of the four patients (11.43%) presenting with tracheoesophageal fistula (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEF<\/jats:styled-content>) underwent surgery. Seven patients (20%) who did not require <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content> underwent endoscopic surveillance. Of the 24 ventilated patients (68.57%), 7 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content> in the lower trachea were treated with silicone Y\u2010stent (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> was placed inside the stent) and 17 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content> in the upper trachea were managed by placing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> cuff distal to the injury. Overall management success, defined as complete healing of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content>, was seen in 88.57% of patients. Four patients (11.43%) died of non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conservative management should be considered in non\u2010ventilated patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content> and when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content> is located in the upper trachea of ventilated patients where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> bypasses the injury. Airway stenting should be considered in ventilated patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITI<\/jats:styled-content> located in the lower trachea. Surgery should be reserved for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEF<\/jats:styled-content> and conservative and endoscopic management failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T12:29:45Z","timestamp":1469104185000},"page":"1452-1458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Airway stenting in the management of iatrogenic tracheal injuries: 10\u2010Year experience"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Rachid","family":"Tazi\u2010Mezalek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology Department North University Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Musani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Laroumagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology Department North University Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe J.","family":"Astoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology Department North University Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier B.","family":"D'Journo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery North University Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal A.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery North University Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Dutau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology Department North University Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(97)00111-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.01.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02453-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icvts.2004.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00643-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(96)00083-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.3.774"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00037-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200111000-00047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01129-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000108631.72315.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.5.1761273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01344-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.07.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.2.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Iatrogenic tracheobronchial rupture","volume":"15","author":"Paraschiv M","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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