{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:51:16Z","timestamp":1788587476953,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABSTRACT<\/jats:styled-content>\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant pleural effusion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content>) affects &gt;90% of mesothelioma patients. Research on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content> has focused on its physical impact on breathlessness; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content> is rich in growth mediators but its contribution to tumour biology has not been investigated. We aimed to examine the potential effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content> in promoting growth, migration and chemo\u2010resistance of mesothelioma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pleural fluid samples from 151 patients (56 mesothelioma, 60 metastatic pleural cancer and 35 benign) were used. Seven validated human mesothelioma cell lines and three primary cultured mesothelioma lines were employed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pleural fluid from mesothelioma patients (diluted to 30%) consistently stimulated cell proliferation (trypan\u2010blue cell viability assay) in five mesothelioma cell lines tested by (median) 2.23\u2010fold over controls (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The fluid also induced cell migration by (median) 2.13\u2010fold in six mesothelioma cell lines using scratch\u2010wound assay. In a murine flank model of mesothelioma, tumour infused with daily instillations of pleural fluid grew significantly faster over saline controls (median 52.5\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs 28.0 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at day 13, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028). Addition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content> (diluted to 30%) to culture media significantly protected mesothelioma from cisplatin\/pemetrexed\u2010induced cell death in all three cell lines tested (median fold reduction of 1.29, 1.98 and 3.90, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 vs control). The growth effects of matched pleural fluid and cultured mesothelioma cells from the same patients did not differ significantly from unmatched pairs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This \u2018proof\u2010of\u2010concept\u2019 study reveals potent biological capabilities of malignant pleural fluid in mesothelioma pathobiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T12:48:42Z","timestamp":1472129322000},"page":"192-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Malignant pleural fluid from mesothelioma has potent biological activities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hui Min","family":"Cheah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pleural Medicine Unit Institute for Respiratory Health  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Pharmacology University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally M.","family":"Lansley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pleural Medicine Unit Institute for Respiratory Health  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius F.","family":"Varano della Vergiliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pleural Medicine Unit Institute for Respiratory Health  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai Ling","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pleural Medicine Unit Institute for Respiratory Health  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Pharmacology University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pleural Medicine Unit Institute for Respiratory Health  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Pharmacology University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Lyn","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Pharmacology University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenette","family":"Creaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Pharmacology University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Chor Gary","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pleural Medicine Unit Institute for Respiratory Health  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Pharmacology University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.076612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"4915","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha induce ascitic fluid in mice","volume":"50","author":"Ohmura E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.6.1747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910470219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-108-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.92.3.513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910520609"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-203043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"3380","article-title":"Direct diffusion of cis\u2010diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in intraperitoneal rat tumors after intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a comparison with systemic chemotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Los G","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.7.1383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.11.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01238-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"3364","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor levels and induction of permeability in malignant pleural effusions","volume":"5","author":"Zebrowski BK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. 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