{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:51:25Z","timestamp":1780087885335,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL089897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL089897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL089856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL089856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL118714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL118714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHLBI 3R01HL122438\u201002S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHLBI 3R01HL122438\u201002S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL116473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL116473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005292","name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABSTRACT<\/jats:styled-content>\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchiectasis manifests as recurrent respiratory infections and reduced lung function. Airway dilation, which is measured as the ratio of the diameters of the bronchial lumen (B) and adjacent pulmonary artery (A), is a defining radiological feature of bronchiectasis. A challenge to equating the bronchoarterial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content>) ratio to disease severity is that the diameters of airway and vessel in health are not established. We sought to explore the variability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio in never\u2010smokers without pulmonary disease and its associations with lung function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Objective measurements of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio on volumetric computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) scans and pulmonary function data were collected in 106 never\u2010smokers. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio was measured in the right upper lobe apical bronchus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RB1<\/jats:styled-content>) and the right lower lobe basal posterior bronchus. The association between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio and forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n<\/jats:styled-content>) was assessed using regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio was 0.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16 and was smaller in more peripheral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RB1<\/jats:styled-content> bronchi (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio was &gt;1, a typical threshold for bronchiectasis, in 10 (8.5%) subjects. Subjects with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio &gt;1 versus \u22641 had smaller artery diameters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) but not significantly larger bronchial lumens. After adjusting for age, gender, race and height, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio was directly related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In never\u2010smokers, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio varies by airway generation and is associated with lung function. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content> ratio &gt;1 is driven by small arteries. Using artery diameter as reference to define bronchial dilation seems inappropriate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T13:16:45Z","timestamp":1471526205000},"page":"108-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Bronchoarterial ratio in never\u2010smokers adults: Implications for bronchial dilation definition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alejandro A.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego J.","family":"Maselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Diseases &amp; Critical Care University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos H.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary &amp; Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Health System  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick S.","family":"Maclean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Dass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Temple University Hospital  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Temple University Hospital  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory L.","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Denver  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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