{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T22:29:53Z","timestamp":1775600993062,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]],"date-time":"2016-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Intramural Career Development Award"},{"name":"Brewer Award for Research in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABSTRACT<\/jats:styled-content>\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute respiratory failure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARF<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with interstitial lung disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content>) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recommended assessment for acute exacerbation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> includes exclusion of secondary causes via fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Our aim is to assess the role of bronchoscopy during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARF\u2010ILD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> patients (2002\u20132014) hospitalized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARF<\/jats:styled-content> who underwent bronchoscopy were included. Baseline demographics, underlying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnoses and presenting clinical features were reviewed. Characteristics of bronchoscopy including diagnostic findings, management and complications were collated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and six patients accounted for 119 unique bronchoscopies. Sixteen (13%) were abnormal (12 infections and 4 haemorrhages). Baseline presenting clinical features did not differ between those with and without abnormal findings. About half were performed in an intensive care unit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>) (53%), with 25% of bronchoscopies performed in a general floor setting resulting in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content> transfer; 71% of whom resulted in immediate mechanical ventilation. Overall management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARF<\/jats:styled-content> in those with positive bronchoscopy findings was similar to those without, resulting in similar in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchoscopy in the clinical assessment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARF\u2010ILD<\/jats:styled-content> is often performed with only a 13% yield in this large retrospective cohort. As management and in\u2010hospital mortality were similar, routine diagnostic bronchoscopy in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARF\u2010ILD<\/jats:styled-content> should be further studied given its low yield and high procedural risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T00:09:33Z","timestamp":1476317373000},"page":"352-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Bronchoscopy assessment of acute respiratory failure in interstitial lung disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Arcadu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Moua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2104038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0487-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00114004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00159709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.5.3310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-463PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01774.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1483ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"ACR\/EULAR classification criteria. 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