{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:08:47Z","timestamp":1769270927433,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABSTRACT<\/jats:styled-content>\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activin A is a pleiotropic cytokine holding a fundamental role in inflammation and tissue remodelling. Follistatin can modulate the bioactivity of activin. We aimed to measure activin A and follistatin in sputum supernatants and bronchoalveolar lavage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAL<\/jats:styled-content>) of asthmatic patients and to determine the possible associations with severity as well as with inflammatory and remodelling indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 58 asthmatic patients (33 with severe refractory asthma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content>)) and 10 healthy controls underwent sputum induction for % cells, activin A, follistatin, eosinophilic cationic protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECP<\/jats:styled-content>), transforming growth factor beta 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 measurements. In 22 asthmatic patients, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAL<\/jats:styled-content> and bronchial biopsies were also performed for the assessment of the above\u2010mentioned variables, measurement of remodelling indices and immunostaining for different activin A receptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sputum activin A (pg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>) was higher in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content> (median (interquartile ranges): 76 (33\u2013185)) compared to mild\u2010to\u2010moderate asthma (44 (18\u201384); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), whereas follistatin did not differ between the two groups. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAL<\/jats:styled-content> activin A (pg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>) was higher in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content> compared to those with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate disease. A significant association was observed between activin A and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21, eosinophils in sputum and\/or in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAL<\/jats:styled-content>, while reticular basement membrane (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBM<\/jats:styled-content>) thickness was significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAL<\/jats:styled-content> activin levels only. No difference in immunostaining for activin receptor type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IB<\/jats:styled-content> was observed between patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content> and those with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sputum and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAL<\/jats:styled-content> levels of activin A are higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content>. The association of activin A with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21, eosinophils and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBM<\/jats:styled-content> thickness may indicate a role of this cytokine in the inflammatory and remodelling process in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T01:43:06Z","timestamp":1478137386000},"page":"473-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Activin A and follistatin in patients with asthma. Does severity make the difference?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Papaporfyriou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cSotiria\u201d Hospital of Chest Diseases  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Bakakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cSotiria\u201d Hospital of Chest Diseases  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kostikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Papatheodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit 401 General Army Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Hillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cSotiria\u201d Hospital of Chest Diseases  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodoula","family":"Trigidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department \u201cSotiria\u201d Hospital of Chest Diseases  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patroklos","family":"Katafigiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department \u201cAlexandra\u201d Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos G.","family":"Koulouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cSotiria\u201d Hospital of Chest Diseases  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyros A.","family":"Papiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Loukides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03784.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020222700905"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.ats9-00"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"9S","article-title":"Methods for sputum induction and analysis of induced sputum: a method for assessing airway inflammation in asthma","volume":"26","author":"Kips JC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. 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