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Host lipids are essential energy sources used by mycobacteria to persist in a latent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> state. A potential therapy targeting cholesterol catabolism of mycobacteria has been proposed, but the potential of cholesterol\u2010lowering drugs as anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> therapy is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ezetimibe, a 2\u2010azetidinone cholesterol absorption inhibitor, on intracellular mycobacteria survival and dormancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracellular mycobacteria survival was determined by measurements of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content> activity and colony\u2010formation units (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFUs<\/jats:styled-content>). Gene expression profiles of hypoxia\u2010induced dormant <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>) were analysed by real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Flow cytometry and microscopy analysis were used to measure the lipid loads of human macrophages with or without ezetimibe treatment. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QuantiFERON\u2010TB<\/jats:styled-content> Gold In\u2010Tube (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QFT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IT<\/jats:styled-content>) assays were performed to diagnose latent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> infection. The levels of intracellular cholesterol\/ triglyceride were measured by an enzymatic fluorometric method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ezetimibe was capable of effectively lowering intracellular growth of <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic> and hypoxia\u2010induced dormant <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>. There was a significant decrease in <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic> growth in leucocytes from ezetimibe\u2010treated patients with diabetes in terms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content> levels of intracellular mycobacteria and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> formation. Also, patients receiving ezetimibe therapy had a lower prevalence of latent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> and had lower intracellular lipid contents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ezetimibe, which is a currently marketed drug, could hold promise as an adjunctive, host\u2010directed therapy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T17:05:04Z","timestamp":1479920704000},"page":"559-566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Potential effect of ezetimibe against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> infection in type II diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"I\u2010Fang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu\u2010Ping","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Nan","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Tsung","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City 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