{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:03:51Z","timestamp":1786961031607,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>Visceral pleural invasion is an upstaging factor that increases cancer staging from stage IA<\/jats:styled-content> to IB<\/jats:styled-content> for tumours of 3\u2009cm or less. However, lymphatic invasion has not been associated with the tumour\u2013node\u2013metastasis (TNM<\/jats:styled-content>) staging system. The purpose of this study was to compare visceral pleural invasion and lymphatic invasion as prognostic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We retrospectively reviewed 353 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stage I non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC<\/jats:styled-content>) tumours of 3\u2009cm or less. Patients were divided into three groups and compared. Group A contained no invasions; group B contained visceral pleural invasion only and group C had lymphatic invasion only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Group A patients had stage IA<\/jats:styled-content>, but group B patients had stage IB<\/jats:styled-content> tumours. However, group C patients had stage IA<\/jats:styled-content> tumours. The 5\u2010year recurrence\u2010free survival for the three groups was 86.2%, 71.5% and 48.0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival between groups A and C (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).Survival was not different between groups A and B (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.547). In a multivariate analysis conducted to determine risk factors for recurrence, lymphatic invasion was a significant independent risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20092.570, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006). Pleural invasion was not a significant risk factor for recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Lymphatic invasion is a more significant prognostic factor than visceral pleural invasion in NSCLC<\/jats:styled-content> of 3\u2009cm or less.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:46:43Z","timestamp":1491439603000},"page":"1179-1184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lymphatic invasion is a more significant prognostic factor than visceral pleural invasion in non\u2010small cell lung cancer with tumours of 3\u2009cm or less"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Youngkyu","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Kil","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyo Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sook Whan","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24223-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-88441-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"GoldstrawP ChanskyK CrowleyJ Rami\u2010PortaR AsamuraH EberhardtWE NicholsonAG GroomeP MitchellA BolejackV;International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee Advisory Boards and Participating Institutions;International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee Advisory Boards and Participating Institutions. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.J. Thorac. Oncol.2016;11:39\u201351."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31824cbad8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Factors affecting tumor recurrence after curative surgery for NSCLC: impacts of lymphovascular invasion on early tumor recurrence","volume":"6","author":"Park C","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. 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