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In recent years, an increased incidence of multidrug\u2010resistant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDR<\/jats:styled-content>) Gram\u2010negative bacteria (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNB<\/jats:styled-content>) has been described. Microorganisms such as <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> have been identified as causative pathogens of different respiratory tract infections. Several studies have detected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDR\u2010GNB<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with community\u2010acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDR\u2010GNB<\/jats:styled-content> have also been isolated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis having acute or chronic bronchial infection. Prevalence varies depending on the geographical area but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDR\u2010GNB<\/jats:styled-content> has been reported in the Asia\u2010Pacific region, Europe and the United States, reaching rates of 70% in hospital\u2010acquired infection. The presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDR\u2010GNB<\/jats:styled-content> has been related to poor clinical outcomes, including increased mortality, although data regarding this relationship are limited. This is probably linked to inappropriate selection of empiric antibiotic treatment; this poses a threat of widespread resistance. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNB<\/jats:styled-content> antibiotic resistance and the absence of new antibiotics are a major concern given limited treatment options; an aspect that deserves future research. We review current literature, highlight prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDR\u2010GNB<\/jats:styled-content> in different respiratory infections and explore their impact on clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T12:02:43Z","timestamp":1499342563000},"page":"1288-1299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["The respiratory threat posed by multidrug resistant <scp>G<\/scp>ram\u2010negative bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Rodrigo\u2010Troyano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4833-6713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriol","family":"Sibila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: final data for 2006","volume":"57","author":"Heron M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natl. 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