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A growing body of research reveals a relatively consistent pattern of deficits in cognition, particularly in attention, episodic memory, and executive function, which are partially remediated by treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This is where the consensus ends. Despite a number of competing explanations regarding <jats:italic>how<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> affects cognition, reliable evidence is hard to find, which may relate to the many, common conditions co\u2010morbid with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> or to the methodological challenges in this field. This paper reviews the evidence for cognitive impairment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>, the proposed models of cognitive harm, the impact of co\u2010morbidities and the many methodological and theoretical challenges of exploring the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> on cognition.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To overcome some of these challenges, we end by proposing a number of future directions for the field, including suggesting some core design elements for future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,5]],"date-time":"2017-08-05T03:02:42Z","timestamp":1501902162000},"page":"1253-1261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Reviewing the relationship between <scp>OSA<\/scp> and cognition: <scp>W<\/scp>here do we go from here?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4207-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romola S.","family":"Bucks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia  Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Olaithe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia  Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary J.","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Sleep and Ventilation, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR Respiratory Disease Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.2.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01771-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0785-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"717","article-title":"Sleep\u2010disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross\u2010sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"152","author":"Shahar E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. 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