{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:57:00Z","timestamp":1791633420659,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABSTRACT<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breathing pattern disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>) can co\u2010exist with and mimic asthma, acting to amplify symptoms and confound assessment of disease control, resulting in inappropriate treatment escalation. The aim of this research was to report the utility of a novel breathing pattern assessment tool (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPAT<\/jats:styled-content>) to detect <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> in treatment\u2010refractory asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a component of a multidisciplinary assessment, adult patients referred with treatment\u2010refractory asthma underwent respiratory physiotherapy assessment to diagnose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>. Based on this assessment, patients were classified as having asthma, asthma\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> alone. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPAT<\/jats:styled-content> data were collected in addition to questionnaire data (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQLQ<\/jats:styled-content>) and Nijmegen Questionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NQ<\/jats:styled-content>)), pulmonary function and an assessment of exercise capacity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were retrospectively analysed for 150 (female; 69%) patients, mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) age of 43 (14) years; characterized as asthma\u2010only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200954, 36%), asthma\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200963, 42%) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933, 22%). Of the total population, 113 (76%) had an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NQ<\/jats:styled-content> score \u226523, but of these only 68% had physiotherapy evidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>. Exercise capacity and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQLQ<\/jats:styled-content> were lower in the asthma\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the asthma\u2010only group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whilst lung function was similar between groups. Sensitivity analysis indicated that a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPAT<\/jats:styled-content> score of \u22654 corresponded to a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.75 for diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> in this cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breathing pattern irregularities are highly prevalent in individuals referred with treatment\u2010refractory asthma and can be characterized using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPAT<\/jats:styled-content>. Further work is needed to determine inter\u2010observer and within\u2010subject variability and ensure the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPAT<\/jats:styled-content> is a robust clinical tool.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/edit?o=U&amp;video_id=1BUvCMbynWQ\">Watch the video abstract<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T07:50:03Z","timestamp":1505375403000},"page":"284-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Novel assessment tool to detect breathing pattern disorder in patients with refractory asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Todd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Brompton Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6640-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil S.","family":"Walsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Unit Bispebjerg University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizzie","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Brompton Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine University College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Menzies\u2010Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Brompton Hospital  London 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