{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:35:17Z","timestamp":1790523317655,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) and sarcoidosis are both granulomatous diseases with potential interassociations. However, much uncertainty remains; thus, the present study aimed to clarify the association between these diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We established two cohorts in this retrospective longitudinal cohort study using data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2015. One cohort, which comprised 31\u2009221 patients with TB and 62\u2009442 age\u2010, sex\u2010 and index year\u2010matched controls, was used to analyse the risk of sarcoidosis; the other cohort comprised 2442 patients with sarcoidosis and 9688 controls and was used to assess the risk of TB. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders was used in each cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with TB showed an 8.09\u2010fold higher risk of developing sarcoidosis than non\u2010TB subjects (95% CI\u2009=\u20093.66\u201317.90), whereas patients with sarcoidosis showed a 1.85\u2010fold higher risk of developing TB than non\u2010sarcoidosis subjects (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.36\u20132.50). The TB subtype analysis revealed the highest risk of developing sarcoidosis in patients with extrapulmonary TB, and the highest risk of developing extrapulmonary TB was observed in patients with sarcoidosis compared with non\u2010sarcoidosis subjects. Patients with TB showed a higher risk of developing sarcoidosis throughout the follow\u2010up period, but patients with sarcoidosis only showed a higher risk of developing TB within the first year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TB is a risk factor for developing sarcoidosis. The results of this bidirectional cohort study also highlight the clinical difficulty of diagnosing sarcoidosis and TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:39:39Z","timestamp":1549413579000},"page":"467-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Bidirectional association between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5267-0618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng\u2010Huei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Hsiang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsai\u2010Wang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Chiuan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Kan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun\u2010Lun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wann\u2010Cherng","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8282-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Feng","family":"Chian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu\u2010Chien","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Public Health National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Hao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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