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Therefore, we aimed to determine if (i) patients with bronchiectasis (unrelated to CF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can aerosolize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> during coughing and (ii) if genetically indistinguishable (shared) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> strains are present in these disease cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with bronchiectasis or COPD and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> respiratory infection were recruited for two studies. <jats:italic>Aerosol<\/jats:italic> s<jats:italic>tudy:<\/jats:italic> Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) underwent cough testing using validated cough rigs to determine the survival of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> aerosols in the air over distance and duration. <jats:italic>Genotyping study:<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> sputum isolates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200995) were genotyped using the iPLEX20SNP platform, with a subset subjected to the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC\u2010PCR) assay to ascertain their genetic relatedness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:italic>Aerosol study:<\/jats:italic> Overall, 7 of 20 (35%) participants released <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> cough aerosols during at least one of the cough aerosol tests. These cough aerosols remained viable for 4 m from the source and for 15\u2009min after coughing. The mean total aerosol count of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> at 2 m was two colony\u2010forming units. <jats:italic>Typing study:<\/jats:italic> No shared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> strains were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low viable count of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> cough aerosols and a lack of shared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> strains observed suggest that aerosol transmission of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> is an unlikely mode of respiratory infection spread in patients with bronchiectasis and COPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T06:03:41Z","timestamp":1553753021000},"page":"980-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transmission of bacteria in bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Low burden of cough aerosols"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0142-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Stockwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Bacteria Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD 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