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Clinical prediction models were developed using a healthy never\u2010smoker subset with normal spirometry (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 696). RMSE on cross\u2010validation was used as the primary criterion for model selection. Parametric and non\u2010parametric methods were considered. z\u2010Scores were calculated for the entire study sample. Associations between z\u2010scores and several ILD features were estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the healthy never\u2010smoker subset, the mean age was 69\u2009years with a range of 54\u201393\u2009years. The median HAA was 4.3% with a range of 2.7\u201317.8%. Linear regression had better predictive performance than other methods. The final model included race, height, weight, age and sex. The standard error of the estimate was 1.62 with a cross\u2010validated RMSE of 1.64 and an adjusted R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of 0.139. z\u2010Scores were associated with several ILD outcomes in adjusted models, including ILA (OR: 1.40 per z\u2010unit; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.52), exertional dyspnoea (OR: 1.08 per z\u2010unit; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15) and FVC (expected increase per z\u2010unit: \u22122.49; 95% CI: \u22122.95, \u2212 2.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a reference equation and z\u2010scores to define expected values of HAA on full\u2010lung CT to aid HAA interpretation in middle\u2010aged and older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T08:23:55Z","timestamp":1581927835000},"page":"855-862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Reference 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