{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:56:26Z","timestamp":1789728986701,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010study evidence of separate and combined effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. To fill this gap, we studied the effectiveness of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) and 23\u2010valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), separately and together, at preventing adverse COPD outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study used a self\u2010controlled, before\u2010and\u2010after cohort design to assess the effectiveness of TIV and PPSV23 in COPD patients. Patients were recruited from hospitals in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China. Subjects self\u2010selected into one of the three vaccination schedules: TIV group, PPSV23 group and TIV&amp;PPSV23 group. We used a physician\u2010completed, medical record\u2010verified questionnaire to obtain data on acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), pneumonia and related hospitalization. Vaccine effectiveness was determined by comparing COPD outcomes before and after vaccination, controlling for potential confounding using Cox regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 474 COPD patients, of whom 109 received TIV, 69 received PPSV23 and 296 received TIV and PPSV23. Overall effectiveness for preventing AECOPD, pneumonia and related hospitalization were respectively 70%, 59% and 58% in the TIV group; 54%, 53% and 46% in the PPSV23 group; and 72%, 73% and 69% in the TIV&amp;PPSV23 group. The vaccine effectiveness without COVID\u201019 non\u2010pharmaceutical intervention period were 84%, 77% and 88% in the TIV group; 63%, 74% and 66% in the PPSV23 group; and 82%, 83% and 91% in the TIV&amp;PPSV23 group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Influenza vaccination and PPSV23 vaccination, separately and together, can effectively reduce the risk of AECOPD, pneumonia and related hospitalization. Effectiveness for preventing AECOPD was the greatest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T01:33:50Z","timestamp":1655343230000},"page":"844-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingshu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kailuan General Hospital  Tangshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunqiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Kailuan General Hospital  Tangshan 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Kailuan General Hospital  Tangshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0444-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00214-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30841-9"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of acute 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