{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:57:44Z","timestamp":1792119464318,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypercapnic respiratory failure (HRF) can occur due to severe respiratory disease but also because of multiple coexistent causes. There are few data on the prevalence of antecedent causes for HRF and the effect of these causes on prognosis, especially where study inclusion has not been biased with respect to primary diagnosis, interventions received or clinical outcome. We sought to determine the prevalence of pre\u2010specified conditions among patients with HRF and to determine the effect of these causes on in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study of patients with HRF from 2013 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00a0&gt;45\u2009mm\u2009Hg and pH \u22647.45. Causes of interest were identified using diagnosis codes from hospital records. We used directed acyclic graphs to inform logistic regression models for the outcome of in\u2010hospital death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 873 persons with HRF in the study period. Mean (SD) age was 69\u2009years and 50.4% were males. Acidosis (pH\u2009&lt;7.35) was present in 488 (55%) cases. Most (83%) had one or more of the following: obstructive lung disease, lower respiratory tract infection, congestive cardiac failure, sleep disordered breathing, neuromuscular disease, opioid or benzodiazepine use. In\u2010hospital mortality was 12.8%. Obstructive lung disease and cardiac failure were associated with a lower risk of death, whereas respiratory tract infection and neuromuscular disease were associated with increased risk of death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HRF is associated with a range of potentially causative conditions, which significantly impact hospital survival. Systematic evaluation of patients with HRF may increase detection of treatable comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T02:29:55Z","timestamp":1665368995000},"page":"176-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Causes of hypercapnic respiratory failure and associated in\u2010hospital mortality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0692-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yewon","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Western Sydney Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research  Liverpool New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Liverpool Hospital  Liverpool New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1653-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances L.","family":"Garden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Western Sydney Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research  Liverpool New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8976-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy B.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Western Sydney Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research  Liverpool New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Liverpool Hospital  Liverpool New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hima","family":"Vedam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Western Sydney Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research  Liverpool New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Liverpool Hospital  Liverpool New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201608-1666OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1182-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202009-1197OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S242075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Liverpool Hospital. 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