{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T21:06:41Z","timestamp":1772053601586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1040830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1040830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1154302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1154302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001803","name":"Charles Darwin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012661","name":"Menzies School of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The importance of extracellular traps (ETs) in chronic respiratory conditions is increasingly recognized but their role in paediatric bronchiectasis is poorly understood. The specialized techniques currently required to study ETs preclude routine clinical use. A simple and cost\u2010effective ETs detection method is needed to support diagnostic applications. We aimed to determine whether ETs could be detected using light microscopy\u2010based assessment of Romanowsky\u2010stained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) slides from children with bronchiectasis, and whether the ETs cellular origin could be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Archived Romanowsky\u2010stained BAL slides from a cross\u2010sectional study of children with bronchiectasis were examined for ETs using light microscopy. The cellular origin of individual ETs was determined based on morphology and physical contact with surrounding cell(s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ETs were observed in 78.7% (70\/89) of BAL slides with neutrophil (NETs), macrophage (METs), eosinophil (EETs) and lymphocyte (LETs) ETs observed in 32.6%, 51.7%, 4.5% and 9%, respectively. ETs of indeterminate cellular origin were present in 59.6% of slides. Identifiable and indeterminate ETs were co\u2010detected in 43.8% of slides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BAL from children with bronchiectasis commonly contains multiple ET types that are detectable using Romanowsky\u2010stained slides. While specialist techniques remain necessary to determining the cellular origin of all ETs, screening of Romanowsky\u2010stained slides presents a cost\u2010effective method that is well\u2010suited to diagnostic settings. Our findings support further research to determine whether ETs can be used to define respiratory endotypes and to understand whether ETs\u2010specific therapies may be required to resolve airway inflammation among children with bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T01:55:17Z","timestamp":1693446917000},"page":"1126-1135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extracellular traps are evident in Romanowsky\u2010stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage from children with non\u2010cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy S.","family":"Bleakley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Maternal Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Binks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Maternal Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Pizzutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Faculty of Science and Technology Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1331-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne B.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Maternal Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Queensland Children's Hospital and Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jemima","family":"Beissbarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Maternal Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Minigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and 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