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Traits are phenotypic and endotypic characteristics that can be identified, are clinically relevant and can be successfully treated by therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Identification of traits is followed by individualized and targeted treatment to those traits. First proposed for the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the approach is recommended in many other areas of respiratory and now immunology medicine. Models of care for treatable traits have been proposed in different diseases and health care setting. In asthma and COPD traits are identified in three domains including pulmonary, extrapulmonary and behavioural\/lifestyle\/risk\u2010factors. In bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease, a fourth domain of aetiological traits has been proposed. As the core of treatable traits is personalized and individualized medicine; there are several key aspects to treatable traits models of care that should be considered in the delivery of care. These include person centredness, consideration of patients' values, needs and preferences, health literacy and engagement. We review the models of care that have been proposed and provide guidance on the engagement of patients in this approach to care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T06:55:45Z","timestamp":1702450545000},"page":"24-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Treatable traits models of care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-3408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Treatable Traits National Health and Medical Research Council Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep 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