{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T23:11:16Z","timestamp":1777072276155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024151","name":"CropLife Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1021275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1021275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1170958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1170958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1193993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1193993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2000404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2000404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["389837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["389837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The evidence around occupation\u2010related chronic cough is conflicting and current definitions of chronic cough cannot capture its heterogeneity. Using our recently characterised novel cough subclasses, we aimed to identify subclass\u2010specific occupational risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS), occupational exposures up to age 53\u2009years were coded using the ALOHA+ Job Exposure Matrix, into ever\u2010exposure (no, only\u2010low, ever\u2010high) and cumulative exposure. People belonging to six previously identified cough subclasses among 2213 current coughers at age 53\u2009years were compared to non\u2010coughers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091396). Associations with occupational exposures were assessed using multinomial logistic regression for these cough subclasses and logistic regression for standard definitions (chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and chronic bronchitis) after adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biological dust was associated with \u201ccough with allergies\u201d (cumulative: adjusted multinomial odds ratio [aMOR]\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.10, per 10 exposure\u2010year increase). Aromatic solvents were associated with \u201cchronic dry cough\u201d (cumulative: aMOR\u2009=\u20091.15, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.29). Other solvents were associated with \u201cchronic productive cough\u201d (ever\u2010high: aMOR\u2009=\u20092.81, 95% CI: 1.26\u20136.2); \u201cintermittent productive cough\u201d (cumulative: aMOR\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% CI: 0.98\u20131.16), chronic bronchitis (ever\u2010high: aOR\u2009=\u20092.48, 95% CI: 1.01\u20136.06); and chronic phlegm (ever\u2010high: aOR\u2009=\u20092.26, 95% CI: 1.14\u20134.51). Herbicides (cumulative) were also associated with \u201cintermittent productive cough\u201d (aOR\u2009=\u20091.09, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.77) and chronic phlegm (aOR\u2009=\u20091.07, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.15).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Novel cough subclasses had distinct associations with specific occupational exposures, suggesting different pathophysiology. Aromatic solvents were associated with dry cough; biological dust with allergic cough; herbicides and other solvents with productive cough. Using novel cough subclasses was superior to standard definitions in uncovering these associations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/resp70040-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:40:14Z","timestamp":1743770414000},"page":"840-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations Between Occupational Exposures and Cough Subclasses Among Middle\u2010Aged Australians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6979-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7034-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Perret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS)  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4388-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinh S.","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheikh M.","family":"Alif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University Australia  Berwick Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Health Science, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-0538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1331-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne B.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University  Northwest Territories Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Kromhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garun S.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung, Sleep, Allergy &amp; Immunology Monash Health  Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Clinical Sciences Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales' Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine UNSW and Respiratory Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Prince of Wales' Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bircan","family":"Erbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5885-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Health Science, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie C.","family":"Matheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Population Health Solutions Telstra Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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