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These patients are also susceptible to various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A panel of expert Asian pulmonologists explored the published literature to understand the impact of COPD and CVD on each other and to identify the cardiopulmonary risk factors in the region. The experts concluded that an elevated risk of all\u2010cause mortality and acute cardiovascular events persists for up to 2\u2009years following moderate and severe COPD exacerbations, with the risk of death being highest in the first 30\u2009days after the exacerbation. High smoking rate (especially in males), high indoor and outdoor air pollution in Asia, relatively low vaccination rate in Asia (especially in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries), and relatively low rate of utilisation of inhaler medications impact the cardiopulmonary risk in Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.70103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T07:22:05Z","timestamp":1754896925000},"page":"817-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Management of <scp>COPD<\/scp> With Cardiovascular Risk in Asia: A Review by the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology <scp>COPD<\/scp> Assembly"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4533-7937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin Kook","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department 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