{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:33:22Z","timestamp":1768275202006,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,23]],"date-time":"2013-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While global polio eradication requires tremendous efforts in countries where wild polioviruses (WPVs) circulate, numerous outbreaks have occurred following WPV importation into previously polio\u2010free countries. Countries that have interrupted endemic WPV transmission should continue to conduct routine risk assessments and implement mitigation activities to maintain their polio\u2010free status as long as wild poliovirus circulates anywhere in the world. This article reviews the methods used by World Health Organization (WHO) regional offices to qualitatively assess risk of WPV outbreaks following an importation. We describe the strengths and weaknesses of various risk assessment approaches, and opportunities to harmonize approaches. These qualitative assessments broadly categorize risk as high, medium, or low using available national information related to susceptibility, the ability to rapidly detect WPV, and other population or program factors that influence transmission, which the regions characterize using polio vaccination coverage, surveillance data, and other indicators (e.g., sanitation), respectively. Data quality and adequacy represent a challenge in all regions. WHO regions differ with respect to the methods, processes, cut\u2010off values, and weighting used, which limits comparisons of risk assessment results among regions. Ongoing evaluation of indicators within regions and further harmonization of methods between regions are needed to effectively plan risk mitigation activities in a setting of finite resources for funding and continued WPV circulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,23]],"date-time":"2013-03-23T22:04:05Z","timestamp":1364076245000},"page":"664-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["World Health Organization Regional Assessments of the Risks of Poliovirus Outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Lowther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigrun","family":"Roesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Regional Office  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"WHO Southeast Asia Regional Office  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Landaverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Pan American Health Organization  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Oblapenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO European Regional Office  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Deshevoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO European Regional Office  Copenhagen 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