{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:02:20Z","timestamp":1791176540347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]],"date-time":"2013-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a preeminent zoonotic disease concentrated in tropical areas, and prevalent in both industrialized and rural settings. Dose\u2010response models were generated from 22 data sets reported in 10 different studies. All of the selected studies used rodent subjects, primarily hamsters, with the predominant endpoint as mortality with the challenge strain administered intraperitoneally. Dose\u2010response models based on a single evaluation postinfection displayed median lethal dose (<jats:italic>LD<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) estimates that ranged between 1 and 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>leptospirae<\/jats:italic> depending upon the strain's virulence and the period elapsed since the initial exposure inoculation. Twelve of the 22 data sets measured the number of affected subjects daily over an extended period, so dose\u2010response models with time\u2010dependent parameters were estimated. Pooling between data sets produced seven common dose\u2010response models and one time\u2010dependent model. These pooled common models had data sets with different test subject hosts, and between disparate leptospiral strains tested on identical hosts. Comparative modeling was done with parallel tests to test the effects of a single different variable of either strain or test host and quantify the difference by calculating a dose multiplication factor. Statistical pooling implies that the mechanistic processes of leptospirosis can be represented by the same dose\u2010response model for different experimental infection tests even though they may involve different host species, routes, and leptospiral strains, although the cause of this pathophysiological phenomenon has not yet been identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:33:52Z","timestamp":1381545232000},"page":"465-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Classic Dose\u2010Response and Time Postinoculation Models for <b><i>Leptospira<\/i><\/b>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences Yamagata University  Tsuruoka Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sondra 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