{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:28:37Z","timestamp":1790681317746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>is a protozoan parasite that is responsible for approximately 24% of deaths attributed to foodborne pathogens in the United States. It is thought that a substantial portion of human<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infections is acquired through the consumption of meats. The dose\u2010response relationship for human exposures to<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected meat is unknown because no human data are available. The goal of this study was to develop and validate dose\u2010response models based on animal studies, and to compute scaling factors so that animal\u2010derived models can predict<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection in humans. Relevant studies in literature were collected and appropriate studies were selected based on animal species, stage, genotype of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>, and route of infection. Data were pooled and fitted to four sigmoidal\u2010shaped mathematical models, and model parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. Data from a mouse study were selected to develop the dose\u2010response relationship. Exponential and beta\u2010Poisson models, which predicted similar responses, were selected as reasonable dose\u2010response models based on their simplicity, biological plausibility, and goodness fit. A confidence interval of the parameter was determined by constructing 10,000 bootstrap samples. Scaling factors were computed by matching the predicted infection cases with the epidemiological data. Mouse\u2010derived models were validated against data for the dose\u2010infection relationship in rats. A human dose\u2010response model was developed as<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>) = 1\u2013exp (\u20130.0015 \u00d7 0.005 \u00d7<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>) or<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>) = 1\u2013(1 +<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00d7 0.003 \/ 582.414)<jats:sup>\u22121.479<\/jats:sup>. Both models predict the human response after consuming<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected meats, and provide an enhanced risk characterization in a quantitative microbial risk assessment model for this pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T10:16:53Z","timestamp":1445249813000},"page":"926-938","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Development of Dose\u2010Response Models to Predict the Relationship for Human<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>Infection Associated with Meat Consumption"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA"},{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Security Systems University of Maryland College Park Md USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Beltsville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Beltsville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Ray","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Academy of Sciences Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abani K.","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA"},{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Security Systems University of Maryland College Park Md USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)\/World Health Organization (WHO). Multicriteria\u2010based ranking for risk management of food\u2010borne parasites 2014. Available at:http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a\u2010i3649e.pdf Accessed March 12 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814003185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605433"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.5.1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/593702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surto intra familiar de toxoplasmose, Santa Vit\u00f3ria do Palmar\u2010RS, Julho de 2005","volume":"6","author":"Almeida MAB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Boletim Eletr\u00f4nico Epidemiol\u00f3gico"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)01319-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"2007 ASM Press Birmingham AL DW Schaffner Qualitative Risk Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(99)00197-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00441.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.9.5331-5335.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. Quantitative assessment of relative risk to public health from foodborneListeria monocytogenesamong selected categories of ready\u2010to\u2010eat foods 2003. Available at:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Food\/FoodScienceResearch\/RiskSafetyAssessment\/ucm183966.htm Accessed December 12 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.6.709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00119-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"HaasCN RoseJB GerbaCP.Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment.Hoboken NJ:John Wiley & Sons 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"Agence franeaise de securite sanitaire des aliments. Toxoplasmose: \u00e9tat des connaissances et \u00e9valuation du risque li\u00e9 \u00e0 l'alimentation 2005. Available at:http:\/\/www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr\/var\/storage\/rapports\u2010publics\/064000311\/0000.pdf Accessed November 16 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390903116764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"DubeyJP.Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans.Boca Raton FL:CRC Press 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05965.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)\/World Health Organization (WHO).Hazard characterization for pathogens in food and water guidelines 2003. Available at:http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2003\/9241562374.pdf Accessed July 12 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1032280214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"DavisonAC HinkleyDV.Bootstrap Methods and Their Application.Cambridge UK:Cambridge University Press 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.06.2040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","unstructured":"GuoM BuchananRL LambertiniE DubeyJP HillDE GambleRH JonesJL PradhanAK. Quantitative risk assessment ofT. gondiiinfection through consumption of fresh pork in the United States. Paper presented at Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting Denver December 12 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(96)00996-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-62.7.818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.38.3.1164-1171.1982","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy on resistance to Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii infections in mice","volume":"38","author":"Luft BJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3278784"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1984.45.10.1941","article-title":"Persistence of encysted Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of pigs fed oocysts","volume":"45","author":"Dubey JP","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113662"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Statistic and Related Topics","author":"Krewski D","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529262"}],"container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frisa.12500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.12500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T02:20:16Z","timestamp":1748658016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/risa.12500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/risa.12500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.12500","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4332","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]}}}