{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:34:29Z","timestamp":1764401669670},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a need to advance our ability to characterize the risk of inhalational anthrax following a low\u2010dose exposure. The exposure scenario most often considered is a single exposure that occurs during an attack. However, long\u2010term daily low\u2010dose exposures also represent a realistic exposure scenario, such as what may be encountered by people occupying areas for longer periods. Given this, the objective of the current work was to model two rabbit inhalational anthrax dose\u2010response data sets. One data set was from single exposures to aerosolized <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic> Ames spores. The second data set exposed rabbits repeatedly to aerosols of <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> Ames spores. For the multiple exposure data the cumulative dose (i.e., the sum of the individual daily doses) was used for the model. Lethality was the response for both. Modeling was performed using Benchmark Dose Software evaluating six models: logprobit, loglogistic, Weibull, exponential, gamma, and dichotomous\u2010Hill. All models produced acceptable fits to either data set. The exponential model was identified as the best fitting model for both data sets. Statistical tests suggested there was no significant difference between the single exposure exponential model results and the multiple exposure exponential model results, which suggests the risk of disease is similar between the two data sets. The dose expected to cause 10% lethality was 15,600 inhaled spores and 18,200 inhaled spores for the single exposure and multiple exposure exponential dose\u2010response model, respectively, and the 95% lower confidence intervals were 9,800 inhaled spores and 9,200 inhaled spores, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T14:17:29Z","timestamp":1455805049000},"page":"2031-2038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dose\u2010Response Modeling for Inhalational Anthrax in Rabbits Following Single or Multiple Exposures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Bradford W.","family":"Gutting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBR Concepts and Experimentation Branch (B21) Naval Surface Warfare Center  Dahlgren Division Dahlgren VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Rukhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensor Fusion Branch (A43) Naval Surface Warfare Center  Dahlgren Division Dahlgren VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Marchette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensor Fusion Branch (A43) Naval Surface Warfare Center  Dahlgren Division Dahlgren VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBR Concepts and Experimentation Branch (B21) Naval Surface Warfare Center  Dahlgren Division Dahlgren VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandolyn","family":"Thran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Public Health Center (Provisional) Aberdeen Proving Ground  MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000213570.71161.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.020668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2011.0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2007.0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2008.01067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2010.01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es203479t"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2011.552401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es802506p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","article-title":"Achieving consistent multiple daily low\u2010dose Bacillus anthracis spore inhalation exposures in the rabbit model","volume":"2","author":"Barnwall RE","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0272-4332.00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2012.01808.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2013.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es200901e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1128\/br.30.3.646-659.1966","article-title":"Industrial inhalation anthrax","volume":"30","author":"Brachman PS","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bacteriological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"EPA.2012. 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