{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T07:20:33Z","timestamp":1696231233492},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]],"date-time":"2017-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486252800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1243482, 1149460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1243482, 1149460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Simulation models are widely used in risk analysis to study the effects of uncertainties on outcomes of interest in complex problems. Often, these models are computationally complex and time consuming to run. This latter point may be at odds with time\u2010sensitive evaluations or may limit the number of parameters that are considered. In this article, we give an introductory tutorial focused on parallelizing simulation code to better leverage modern computing hardware, enabling risk analysts to better utilize simulation\u2010based methods for quantifying uncertainty in practice. This article is aimed primarily at risk analysts who use simulation methods but do not yet utilize parallelization to decrease the computational burden of these models. The discussion is focused on conceptual aspects of embarrassingly parallel computer code and software considerations. Two complementary examples are shown using the languages MATLAB and R. A brief discussion of hardware considerations is located in the Appendix.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T20:16:03Z","timestamp":1454703363000},"page":"1844-1854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tutorial: Parallel Computing of Simulation Models for Risk Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Allison C.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial and Operations Research University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Staid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandia National Laboratories Discrete Math and Optimization  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SolarCity  San Mateo CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth D.","family":"Guikema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial and Operations Research University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1539-6924.00344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2003.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2005.00616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-12-00012.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-014-1272-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ONDM.2008.4578386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Simulation Modeling and Analysis,","author":"Law AM","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"MATLAB version 8.2.0.701.Natick MA:The MathWorks Inc. 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.Vienna Austria:R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2014. Available at:http:\/\/ww.R\u2010project.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/327070.327215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Revolution Analytics. foreach: Foreach looping construct for R. R package version 1.4.0. 2012. Available at:http:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=foreach."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Revolution Analytics. doSNOW: Foreach parallel adaptor for the snow package. R package version 1.0.6. 2012. Available at:http:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=doSNOW."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Parallel Python.Home 2014. Available at:http:\/\/www.parallelpython.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:2(61)"}],"container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frisa.12565","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frisa.12565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.12565","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/risa.12565","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/risa.12565","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.12565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:59:55Z","timestamp":1696208395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/risa.12565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/risa.12565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.12565","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4332","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]}}}