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To capture available evidence on these risks, we searched peer\u2010reviewed studies published before June 2017 and conducted a meta\u2010analysis of these studies\u2019 estimates of the prevalence of swine\u2010associated, antibiotic\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> in animals, humans, and the environment. The 166 relevant studies revealed consistent evidence of livestock\u2010associated methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) in hog herds (55.3%) raised with antibiotics. MRSA prevalence was also substantial in slaughterhouse pigs (30.4%), industrial hog operation workers (24.4%), and veterinarians (16.8%). The prevalence of swine\u2010associated, multidrug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MDRSA)\u2014with resistance to three or more antibiotics\u2014is not as well documented. Nonetheless, sufficient studies were available to estimate MDRSA pooled prevalence in conventional hog operation workers (15.0%), workers\u2019 household members (13.0%), and community members (5.37%). Evidence also suggests that antibiotic\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> can be present in air, soil, water, and household surface samples gathered in or near high\u2010intensity hog operations. An important caveat is that prevalence estimates for humans reflect colonization, not active infection, and the health risks of colonization remain poorly understood. In addition, these pooled results may not represent risks in specific locations, due to wide geographic variation. Nonetheless, these results underscore the need for additional preventive action to stem the spread of antibiotic\u2010resistant pathogens from livestock operations and a streamlined reporting system to track this risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T15:06:19Z","timestamp":1589468779000},"page":"1645-1665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk of Antibiotic\u2010Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Dispersion from Hog Farms: A Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7818-3121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra N.","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill R.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Indiana University  Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline MacDonald","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Indiana University  Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2010.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013","volume":"114","author":"CDC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2004\/680349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Meta\u2010analysis for explanation: A casebook","author":"Cook T. 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