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Limited consideration has been given to understanding those factors that are controlled in a laboratory, but are likely to occur in real\u2010world scenarios. In this study, a probabilistic framework is developed that extends Brookmeyer's competing\u2010risks dose\u2013response model to allow for variation in factors such as dose\u2010dispersion, dose\u2010deposition, and other within\u2010host parameters. With data sets drawn from dose\u2013response experiments of inhalational anthrax, plague, and tularemia, we illustrate how for certain cases, there is the potential for overestimation of infection numbers arising from models that consider only the experimental data in\u00a0isolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T17:22:00Z","timestamp":1600881720000},"page":"67-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dose\u2013Response Modeling: Extrapolating From Experimental Data to Real\u2010World Populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Pratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response Department Public Health England, Porton Down  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response Department Public Health England, Porton Down  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Gillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down  Salisbury UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response Department Public Health England, Porton Down  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3033-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response Department Public Health England, Porton Down  UK"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics University of Manchester  Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Handbook of mathematical functions","year":"1972","author":"Abramowitz M.","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6231-6241.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sur les fonctions hyperg\u00e9om\u00e9triques de plusieurs variables, les polynomes d'hermite et autres fonctions sph\u00e9riques dans l'hyperespace","volume":"3","author":"Appell P.","year":"1925","journal-title":"M\u00e9morial des sciences math\u00e9matiques"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2033"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.83.4.348","article-title":"The role of multiplication of Pasteurella pestis in mononuclear phagocytes in the pathogenesis of flea\u2010borne plague","volume":"83","author":"Cavanaugh D. 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