{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:34:28Z","timestamp":1792028068288,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database, the authoritative source of U.S. risk assessment toxicity factors, currently lacks an oral reference dose (RfD) for copper. In the absence of such a value, various health\u2010based reference values for copper are available for use in risk assessment. We summarize the scientific bases and differences in assumptions among key reference values for ingested copper to guide selection of appropriate values for risk assessment. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature best supports the oral RfD of 0.04\u00a0mg\/kg body weight\/day derived by EPA from their Drinking Water Action Level. This value is based on acute gastrointestinal effects but is further supported by broader analysis of copper deficiency and toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T04:14:14Z","timestamp":1645589654000},"page":"211-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Recommended Reference Values for Risk Assessment of Oral Exposure to Copper"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Alicia A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc.  475 14th Street, Suite 400 Oakland CA 94612 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce S.","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc.  15375 SE 30th Place, Suite 250 Bellevue WA 98027 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"McArdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc.  One Mill and Main Place, Suite 150 Maynard MA 01754 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cap Consulting  7760 North Boulder Drive Lake Point UT 84074 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William L.","family":"Goodfellow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc.  1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 500 Alexandria VA 22314 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2004).Toxicological Profile for Copper.Atlanta Georgia:ATSDR.https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp132.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2018). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) \u2013 for Professionals.https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/mrls\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2021). Toxicological Profiles in Progress.https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiledocs\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2003.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2010.538657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"European union risk assessment report: Voluntary risk assessment of copper, copper ii sulphate pentahydrate, copper(i)oxide, copper(ii)oxide, dicopper chloride trihydroxide","author":"European Copper Institute (ECI)","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference intakes for vitamin a, vitamin k, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc","author":"Institute of Medicine (IOM)","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Health. (2018). Copper in drinking water.https:\/\/www.health.state.mn.us\/communities\/environment\/water\/docs\/contaminants\/copperfactsht.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Recommended dietary allowances","author":"National Research Council (NRC)","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Copper in drinking water","author":"National Research Council (NRC)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Public health goal for copper in drinking water","author":"Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199803000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109949"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.4.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-019-01234-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Texas commission on environmental quality","author":"Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.6.1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"1994\u20131996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and 1994\u20131996 Diet and Health Knowledge Survey","author":"United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1984). Health Effects Assessment for Copper. EPA\/540\/1\u201086\u2010025. Environmental Criteria Assessment Office U.S. EPA Cincinnati OH."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1985). Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper (Final Draft 1985). EPA\/600\/X\u201084\/190\u20101. U.S. EPA Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1987). Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper. ECAO\u2010CIN\u2010417. Office of Drinking Water. U.S. EPA Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2021). Regional Screening Levels (RSLs)\u2014Generic Tables. May 2021. U.S. EPA Washington DC.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/risk\/regional\u2010screening\u2010levels\u2010rsls\u2010generic\u2010tables"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Copper in drinking\u2010water. Background document for development of World Health Organization guidelines for drinking\u2010water quality","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"617","article-title":"Copper poisoning at a cocktail party","volume":"47","author":"Wyllie J.","year":"1957","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.13906","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/risa.13906","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.13906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T08:15:00Z","timestamp":1692432900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/risa.13906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/risa.13906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.13906","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4332","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}