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Theories of health protective behaviors suggest that inputs from external stimuli (e.g., traditional and social media) lead to threat processing, including perceived efficacy (self\u2010 and response) and perceived threat (susceptibility and severity), guiding mitigation behavior. We surveyed a representative sample of Florida and Texas residents (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> =\u00a01846) between April 14, 2020 and April 27, 2020; many had previous hurricane exposure; all were previously assessed between September 8, 2017 and September 11, 2017. Using preregistered analyses, two generalized structural equation models tested direct and indirect effects of media exposure (traditional media, social media) on self\u2010reported (1) COVID\u201019 mitigation (handwashing, mask\u2010wearing, social distancing) and (2) hurricane mitigation (preparation behaviors), as mediated through perceived efficacy (self\u2010 and response) and perceived threat (susceptibility and severity). Self\u2010efficacy and response efficacy were associated with social distancing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002), handwashing, mask\u2010wearing, and hurricane preparation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Perceived susceptibility was positively associated with social distancing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u00a00.017) and hurricane preparation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Perceived severity was positively associated with social distancing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Traditional media exhibited indirect effects on COVID\u201019 mitigation through increased response efficacy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u00a0&lt; 0.05), and to a lesser extent self\u2010efficacy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and on hurricane preparation through increased self\u2010efficacy and response efficacy and perceived susceptibility (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u00a0&lt; 0.05). Social media did not exhibit indirect effects on COVID\u201019 or hurricane mitigation. Communications targeting efficacy and susceptibility may encourage mitigation behavior; research should explore how social media campaigns can more effectively target threat processing, guiding protective actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T07:13:37Z","timestamp":1665472417000},"page":"1370-1386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Media exposure, threat processing, and mitigation behaviors in Gulf Coast residents facing the co\u2010occurring threats of COVID\u201019 and hurricanes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Dana Rose","family":"Garfin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue &amp; Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Program in Public Health University of California  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Wong\u2010Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Systems Science | Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allington D. 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